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How to Make Your Own Lye
Lye, fat and water are the three basic ingredients that combine to make soap. Besides an ingredient in soap recipes, lye has other useful applications in the home. As a cleaning agent, it dissolves oil or protein-based deposits. Lye is often used as an oven cleaner component. It can be used as a paint stripper, but on wood it will raise the grain. Lye solutions have long been used as drain cleaning agents because they decompose soap and hair.
Chemically, commercial lye and homemade lye are different. The chemical name for lye made with wood ash is called potassium hydroxide. Lye made commercially is sodium hydroxide. These two products are not interchangeable. The measurements differ depending on which type of lye you are using in a recipe.
Hardwoods such as oak and maple or fruit trees like apple are the best sources for ash to produce a good quality lye. Don’t try to make lye using ash from pine trees or evergreens. A hot fire should be used to fully consume the wood, creating papery, white and thin ashes without charcoal chunks.
Collect enough hardwood ash to fill a waterproof non-metal bucket to within 3 or 4 inches of its top edge. This container may be as small as a five gallon plastic container or as large as a wooden barrel.
Two containers (not metal) will be required. One bucket will hold the ash, the other container will catch the runoff. Near the bottom of your ash bucket, fashion a small hole. This hole should be small enough that it can be stopped with a non-metal object like a small cork, toothpick or dowel.
A layer of small pea gravel should be placed in the bottom of the ash bucket. Grass, hay or straw should then be added and packed 4 inches thick. Stopping three or four inches below the top edge of the bucket, pack the remaining space with ash.
Collect 5 or more gallons of soft water. Water which is soft has few metals and minerals. This water can be acquired by use of a specialized filter, or from peat or, sandstone or lava rock sources like granite. Distilling water will also make it soft. However, the simplest way to acquire soft water is by collecting rainwater.
Put your ash container in a secure location away from high traffic areas or places that children or animals might bump, or knock it over. The drainage can be caught in a glass jar, wooden bucket, or an enamel coated pan. Don’t use metal or the lye could burn a hole in it. Position the runoff container so that splashing is minimal.
Lye may cause blindness. Ingestion of lye can be deadly. Potassium hydroxide (lye) is caustic and can burn anything that it touches, reacting especially to fats and oil on skin. Fats and oils combine with lye in such a way that salts are created which cause scars, permanent injury and burns. Note that lye burns may not hurt right away because the burn may be so severe as to have damaged the nerves (pain receptors) in the skin.
It is necessary to take safety precautions before you begin the process. Check to be sure the space where you are working is well ventilated. The telephone numbers for poison control and emergency medical services should be at your fingertips. Wear protective clothing. Rubber cleaning gloves and protective eyewear are a must along with covering for your arms and legs. Keep vinegar nearby because its application will help neutralize lye burns. Water will make lye burns worse, so don’t use it to wash skin touched by lye.
Use a broom handle or dowel to create an indentation in the packed ashes. Heat 1 gallon of soft water to boiling. Carefully use the full gallon of boiling water to wet the ash. When the water and ash combine, you will notice some boiling, splashing and spewing. Add another gallon of water to the ash container when the bubbling diminishes. The ashes may settle to a lower level. Add more ash to the container to keep it filled. Add enough soft water to cover the ashes in the bucket. Place a lid over the top of the ash container.
Clear the opening at the base of the container so that the liquid can drain into your second vessel. This can take a whole day.
Repeat this process on days 2 and 3 by pouring the runoff through the ashes again. Recycling the water through the ashes increases the strength of your lye.
Another option is to leave the container of ash and water sitting. Seal the bucket and leave it for three days in a place where it will not be disturbed. Take care that you choose a location where the bucket won’t be tipped. Drain the ash container when three days have passed.
The runoff is potassium hydroxide (lye) water. To test its strength place a fresh egg (still in its shell) into the liquid. If your lye solution is the right potency, the egg will float exposing a nickel or quarter sized portion of its shell above the surface. This equals an area of 2 to 2 1/2 centimeters in diameter. An egg that sinks means that the lye solution is too weak and won’t work in soap recipes. You’ll know your solution is too strong if your egg bobs up on top of the surface. Add more soft water. Be sure to dispose of the egg after use.
To strengthen weak lye water, heat it to evaporate some of the water. It is safe to use enamel finished pans for heating lye water, but these must never be used for food preparation. Be careful when heating lye as it can be scorched. The solution is strong enough when a chicken feather touched to the heating lye starts to dissolve. Take the lye water mixture off of the heat to cool.
Store lye water in jars with plenty of head room to allow for safety in pouring. Store the jars (sealed tightly) in a space that is cool and dark, off-limits to children.
The used ashes should be placed in a hole that is dug away from busy areas. The ashes should be completely cooled before you cover the hole.
Should you wish to dry your lye solution into crystals (potash), place it into a lye-safe vessel. Glass jars work well for this use. Leave the cover off of your container and allow it to sit exposed to sunlight until the water evaporates and crystals form. Just as you would with lye water, follow safety precautions when storing potash crystals.
This and other skills are discussed in the new book, The Vision by Debi Pearl, the compelling new novel from international best-selling author who also co-wrote To Train Up A Child and the Good and Evil comic.
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